Digital competence is broadly defined as the ability to confidently, critically, and creatively use digital technologies for learning, employment, and participation in society. Recognized as a key skill by the European Commission, digital competence has gained prominence in education due to its role in preparing students and teachers for a technology-driven world. However, challenges remain in integrating digital competence into educational systems effectively. The study identifies five primary themes in digital competence research: (1) levels of digital competence, (2) key factors and variables influencing competence, (3) teacher education and digital competence, (4) students’ digital skills, and (5) the impact of digital competence on academic performance.
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